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Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (also known as Enteroviral Encephalomyelitis), Enteroviral Poliomyelitis-like Syndrome (with asymmetrical Flaccid Weakness or Flaccid Paralysis) and Enteroviral Encephalitis (Meningoencephalitis, Limbic Encephalitis and Rhombencephalitis)

April 29, 2026

Overview Enteroviral encephalomyelitis , enteroviral poliomyelitis-like syndrome and enteroviral encephalitis are neurological conditions caused by infection with enteroviruses (a group of viruses that includes coxsackieviruses , echoviruses and numbered enteroviruses such as EV-A71 and EV-D68 ). These conditions affect the central nervous system (CNS) and may involve: The brain (encephalitis) The spinal cord (myelitis) Both brain and spinal cord (encephalomyelitis) The anterior horn cells of the spinal cord ( poliomyelitis-like syndrome) , which control muscle movement They are part of a spectrum of enteroviral CNS disease, rather than completely separate illnesses. How they differ? Enteroviral encephalitis mainly affects brain function Enteroviral encephalomyelitis involves both brain and spinal cord Enteroviral poliomyelitis-like syndrome mainly affects motor neurons in the spinal cord, causing weakness that can range from flaccid weakness (p...

"Epidemic" Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (also known as 01. "Enteroviral Encephalomyelitis or Meningoencephalomyelitis" and 02. "Poliomyelitis-like Syndrome" with "Asymmetrical" Flaccid Paralysis related Anterior Horn-related Damage with Myelitis") | ME/CFS which is based upon two "Chronic Fatigue Syndromes" criteria: 01. IOM's SEID and 02. CCC have absolutely nothing to do with M.E. which is "EXCLUDED" within the criterias. IOM's SEID and CCC are symptom checklist and syndrome-labels meant to cover for diagnostic uncertainty | The former: M.E. is "EXCLUDED" from the "Unexplained" Fatigue State IOM's SEID and CCC Criterias as it's an "acute onset" neurological disease being SYSTEMATICALLY MISSED by the medical profession en masse. The latter is just a Syndrome and a Collection of Symptoms common to a whole manner of infectious diseases. THEY ARE NOT THE SAME.

Dr. Elizabeth Dowsett

"One of the most striking features of M.E. is that the patient is NOT TIRED ALL THE TIME! Extreme and sudden variability of energy levels both within and between episodes of illness differentiate this syndrome from other diseases associated with FATIGUE. One can only deplore the current fashion in the United States as well as the United Kingdom to redefine and rename a disability which has been clearly described in the literature for at least 100 years. There is nothing to be said in favour of the American acronym CFIDS (Chronic Fatigue Immune Deficiency Syndrome) with it's connotation of a primary immune dysfunction. The term 'Chronic Fatigue Syndrome' recently adopted in this country also is non-specific and non-descriptive because most of the definition is based on a vast number of exclusions (some of which, for example, endocrine disturbance, are actually found in M.E.). 'Post-Viral Fatigue Syndrome', another British name, describes one essential feature (the association of the illness with viral infection) but gives the impression that the infection was antecedent rather than, as we now know, persistent. I prefer to use the more specific term 'Myalgic Encephalomyelitis' as it emphasizes the essential encephalitic component of the illness, the muscle pain, and the close clinical and epidemiological similarity to Poliomyelitis"

It is interesting that Larry Sanger pivots to the same "Narcissistic Defense Mechanism" doctors use

Larry Sanger a co-founder of Wikipedia cannot take the heat or the moral responsibility even though he is a founder of Wikipedia around the distortion and the blurring of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (aka Enteroviral Encephalomyelitis) and Chronic Fatigue Syndromes on a website. He helped co-create. Is he responsible? *YES* He knows he's accountable. Narcissistic Pathology as *defense mechanisms* activated. He also knows the website he helped found has been *hijacked* by bad faith actors. Including Governments, Private Insurance Industry and other individuals with a self-interest in suppressing M.E.. The guy is arsehole. Sorry would be the normal response. A Fraud.

System Exertion Intolerance Disease (SEID) - Currently erroneously being labeled "ME/CFS" | NOT M.E.

"Missed Diagnosed" CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROMES ("Insufficiently Investigated Individuals" presenting with an "UNEXPLAINED PROFOUND FATIGUE" STATE and the physician is UNABLE to give a "SPECIFIC MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS" with A RELATED CAUSATION. So the presenting FATIGUED PATIENT is JUST LABELED with this "UNEXPLAINED FATIGUE" STATE CRITERIA instead) | "Enteroviral" Meningoencephalitis, Limbic Encephalitis and Rhombencephalitis [CAN PRESENT WITH "FATIGUE" because "FATIGUE" is A COMMON SYMPTOM of "ENCEPHALITIC DISEASES"], Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (Enteroviral Encephalomyelitis, Enteroviral Meningoencephalomyelitis and Poliomyelitis-like Syndrome) are "EXCLUDED" as they are "SPECIFIC" NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES and KNOWN MEDICAL DIAGNOSES - National Academies Press

The Definitions and Criterias - Holmes CFS, Fukuda CFS, CCC, IOM's SEID, Ramsay Definition, ICC etc.

Frank Twisk (2017) stated that "M.E. (aka Enteroviral Encephalomyelitis) and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) are different illnesses, with M.E. (aka Enteroviral Encephalomyelitis) resulting in a "Neuromuscular Disease" similar to in "Post-Polio Syndrome" and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) being a partially overlapping "Fatigue-based Illness" (overlaps "Brainstem Encephalitis" and "Limbic Encephalitis" in Enteroviral "Acute Onset" Encephalitic Disease), and that it was not possible to replace both M.E. (aka Enteroviral Encephalomyelitis) and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) with a single diagnostic entity. Frank Twisk also stated that "SEID" (currently erroneously being labeled as "ME/CFS") included some patients that did not meet either a M.E. (aka Enteroviral Encephalomyelitis) diagnosis or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome diagnostic criteria" | "Subgroup analysis suggests that, depending on the applied definition, Chronic Fatigue Syndromes may represent a variety of conditions, rather than a single disease entity"

The ICC is also NOT a Myalgic Encephalomyelitis definition. It is defined by Brain Dysfunction.

"BRAIN DYSFUNCTIONS" have "Multiple Causations" and the ICC is still a "Non-Specific" Symptom-Based Criteria, which is ONLY more expansive in nature but still not much different to the "UNEXPLAINED FATIGUE" STATE "CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME" criterias, currently erroneously being labeled as "ME/CFS". The cause of the "BRAIN DYSFUNCTION" still remains "UNCLEAR" and "UNEXPLAINED" even if the criteria is "NOT" defined by "UNEXPLAINED FATIGUE" within this criteria, anymore. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis does result in CNS Dysfunction and a Brain Dysfunction but so do many other separate diagnoses.

The ICC is another "Symptom-Based Criteria" but defined by a "Brain Dysfunction" and NOT "Fatigue"

The ICC suggests there are two types of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (M.E.) based around selecting a particular grouping of symptoms. This is utterly, and completely absurd, as well as being untrue. There is five types of M.E. : 1. Enteroviral Encephalomyelitis 2. Enteroviral Meningo-Encephalomyelitis 3. Chronic Enteroviral Encephalomyelitis 4. Chronic Enteroviral Meningo-Encephalomyelitis. Chronic forms can be linked with immunocompromised individuals with X-linked Agammaglobulinemia or other antibody deficiencies. 5. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis can result in an Myalgic Encephalomyelopathy. Atypical Poliomyelitis was another name given to the Neurological Disease after the 1934 Los Angeles County General Hospital Epidemic.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) reveals Neuronal Microstructural Changes in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

3.1 Group Comparison: CFS Fukuda versus Healthy Controls. We performed a group comparison between 25 CFS Fukuda and 26 Healthy Controls for all seven DTI parameters. None of the DTI parameters showed a statistically significant cluster (p < .05) despite relaxing the p-uncorrected voxel threshold to .005. CFS Fukuda subjects were "EXCLUDED" from subsequent analysis | 3.2 Group Comparison: ME ICC versus Healthy Controls. We performed voxel-based analysis on fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, λ2 and λ3 images estimated for 18 ME ICC and 26 Healthy Controls. Figure 1 shows significant clusters with decreased axial diffusivity, mean diffusivity and λ2 in the MIDBRAIN and PONS in the BRAINSTEM in M.E. patients as well as in the SUPERIOR LONGITUDINAL FASCICULUS (SLF) region for mode of anisotropy. Figure 2 shows significant clusters with increased λ3 in the DORSAL MEDULLA for ME ICC. Radial diffusivity showed significant group differences between ME ICC and Healthy Controls, but significance was lost after adjusting for multiple comparison. Group comparison of fractional anisotropy did not show any significant differences between ME ICC and Health Controls. Statistics of clusters detected in group comparisons of DTI parameter images are presented in TABLE 2 | The study also shows that strict case definitions are essential in investigation of the pathophysiology of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (also known as 'Enteroviral Encephalomyelitis') Patients, and Fukuda CFS Criteria Patients

The absurdity of the ICC is that it is labeled as a Consensus Criteria for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

...whilst "Enteroviral Encephalomyelitis or Enteroviral Meningo-Encephalomyelitis", which is ACTUALLY Myalgic Encephalomyelitis is EXCLUDED from the criteria upon it's "Acute Onset" Diagnosis. The "MOSTLY" CFS CRITERIA INVENTORS clearly haven't even decided, on what M.E. actually is, or means... at the time of it's creation in 2011!? "Epidemic or Endemic" Myalgic Encephalomyelitis is actually "EXCLUDED" from the International Consensus Criteria (ICC) within the criteria. THE CONSENSUS OF MOSTLY "NON-M.E. EXPERTS". Probably not the best way to come to a "Scientific Consensus" about a *Specific* Neurological Disease.

TheraSpecs® "New Wayfarer Style" Glasses with Z-Blue Lens for Traumatic Brain Injury and Photophobia

"For me, in March 1995 at the age of 19, I went from being very healthy and happy one day to having problems standing upright for more than a few minutes at a time, the next. I also suddenly had severe problems sleeping, thinking and remembering, speaking and understanding speech, eating many foods that I previously tolerated perfectly well, coping with even low levels of noise and light and vibration, coping with warm weather, sitting, with my heart and blood pressure, with any type of physical or cognitive activity causing severe relapse unless within very strict limits as well as memory loss, facial agnosia, learning difficulties, severe pain, alcohol intolerance, blackouts and seizures, intense unusual headaches, burning eyes and ear pain, rashes (and other skin problems), severe nausea and vertigo, total loss of balance when I closed my eyes or the room was dark, muscle weakness and paralysis, and so on. I suddenly had over 60 individual symptoms, and could only do 40% or less of my pre-illness activities" - Jodi Bassett

Dr. Elizabeth Dowsett

"In our opinion, two major errors are responsible for the present confusion surrounding the case definition, aetiology and diagnosis of M.E.. First, there has been a failure to distinguish the syndrome from post-viral debility following Epstein-Barr mononucleosis, influenza and other common fevers. Compared with M.E., these lack the dramatic effect of exercise upon muscle function, the multi-system involvement, diurnal variability of symptoms and prolonged relapsing course. Laboratory tests can distinguish "chronic mononucleosis'" and other infections which, as our results show, may occasionally co-exist with M.E. and, by their immunosuppressive effect, precipitate relapse. Second, there has been a failure to recognize the unique epidemiological pattern of M.E., which, from earliest accounts, has lead to confusion with non-paralytic poliomyelitis"

Principal Patterns of Loss of Sensation.

(a) Thalamic Lesion: Sensory Loss throughout opposite side (rare). (b) Brainstem Lesion: Contralateral Sensory Loss below face and Ipsilateral Loss on Face. (c) Central Cord Lesion, e.g. Syrinx: 'Suspended' areas of loss, often Asymmetrical and 'Dissociated', i.e. Pain and Temperature Loss but Light Touch Intact. (d) Hemisection of Cord/Unilateral Cord Lesion = Brown-Séquard Syndrome: Contralateral Spinothalamic (Pain and Temperature) Loss with Ipsilateral Weakness and Dorsal Column Loss below Lesion. (e) Transverse Cord Lesion: Loss of all Modalities, including Motor, below Lesion. (f) Dorsal Column Lesion, e.g. M.S.: Loss of Proprioception, Vibration and Light Touch. (g) Individual Sensory Root Lesions, e.g. C6, T5, L4. (h) Polyneuropathy: Distal Sensory Loss.

Dr. John Richardson

"As with poliomyelitis, the symptoms in M.E. are somewhat diffused but do involve the nervous system. We should consider the terms applied to the effects of infection in the nervous system due to the poliovirus, which is the enterovirus. The term ANTERIOR POLIOMYELITIS referred to cases where the ANTERIOR horns of the spinal cord were chiefly affected. These neurons subserve EFFERENT outgoing neurological impulses. Hence the effects were on the "motor" system with some paralysis. The term POSTERIOR POLIOMYELITIS was also used to define lesions in the POSTERIOR horns of the spinal cord. These neurons subserve AFFERENT neurological impulses. The enteroviral groups to which we refer in these guidelines have been shown to have a propensity for, and cause the pathology in these AFFERENT impulse conducting neurons. Hence, the results are more noticeable to the patient than the doctor, which is not so with poliomyelitis"

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (M.E.) Books

The Why: The Historic M.E. & CFS Call To Arms (Paperback) by Hillary Johnson (2022)
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (M.E.) & The Return of Polio to The USA (Third Edition) (Hardback) by Byron Hyde MD (2022)
Understanding Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (Hardback) by Byron Hyde MD (2020)
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (M.E.) & The Return of Polio to The USA (2nd Edition) (Hardback) by Byron Hyde MD (2020)
The Return of Polio to The USA (Hardback) by Byron Hyde MD (2020)
Caring For The M.E. Patient (Paperback) by Jodi Bassett (2011)
What is M.E.? (Paperback) by Jodi Bassett (2011)
Missed Diagnoses : Myalgic Encephalomyelitis & Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Second Edition) (Paperback) by Byron Hyde MD (2010)
Missed Diagnoses : Myalgic Encephalomyelitis & Chronic Fatigue Syndrome by Byron Hyde MD (2009)
Enteroviral and Toxin Mediated Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Other Organ Pathologies (Paperback) Dr. John Richardson (2001)
Enteroviral and Toxin Mediated Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Other Organ Pathologies (Hardback) Dr. John Richardson (2001)
Osler's Web: Inside the Labyrinth of the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Epidemic (Paperback) by Hillary Johnson (1997)
Osler's Web: Inside the Labyrinth of the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Epidemic (Hardback) by Hillary Johnson (1996)
The Clinical and Scientific Basis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis & Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Hardback) by Byron Hyde MD with Jay Goldstein MD & Paul Levine MD (1992)
Understanding M.E. - The Phenomenon of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Acute Onset Postviral Fatigue Syndrome (Revised And Expanded Edition) (Paperback) by Dr. David Smith (1992)
Post-Viral Fatigue Syndrome (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis) (Paperback) by Rachel Jenkins and James Mowbray (1992)
British Medical Bulletin - Postviral Fatigue Syndrome (Hardback) by James Mowbray with Peter Behan and D. Goldberg (1991)
Understanding M.E. - The Phenomenon of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Acute Onset Postviral Fatigue Syndrome (Hardback) by Dr. David Smith (1989)
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Postviral Fatigue States: The saga of Royal Free disease (M.E. Association's Reprinted Edition) (Paperback) by Dr. Melvin Ramsay (Ghost written by Dr. Elizabeth Dowsett) (1988)
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Postviral Fatigue States: The saga of Royal Free disease (Original Gower Medical Publishing Edition) (Paperback) by Dr. Melvin Ramsay (Ghost written by Dr. Elizabeth Dowsett) (1988)
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis - Post-Viral Fatigue Syndrome and How To Cope With It (Paperback) by Celia Wookey (1986)
Postviral Fatigue Syndrome (Paperback) by Dr. Melvin Ramsay (1986)
Infectious Diseases (Hardback) by Melvin Ramsay & Ronald Emond (1978)

International Awareness Day for Chronic Immunological and Neurological Diseases (CIND)

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (aka Enteroviral Encephalomyelitis) M.E. | Environmental Sensitivity (ES)/Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) | Fibromyalgia (FM) | Gulf War Illness (GWI) | Lyme Disease (Neuroborreliosis) | "Misdiagnosed" Chronic Fatigue Syndromes (CFS) (Enterovirus, Epstein Barr Virus, Cytomegalovirus, Varicella Zoster Virus, Human Herpes Virus 6, Parvovirus 19, Measles, Epidemic Influenza N1H1 (Swine Flu), SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), West Nile Virus, Ross River Virus, Dengue Virus, Brucellosis, Mycoplasma Pneumoniae, Chlamydia Pneumoniae, Q-Fever (Coxiella Burnetii), Rickettsia, Campylobacter jejuni etc...)

#ThereForME Campaign

A Delivery Plan for M.E. should involve it's separation from "unexplained" miscellaneous fatigue syndromes, even if some of these other "Misdiagnosed" CFS illnesses, involved "Dysautonomia". It should also involve it's own separate "Enteroviral" NICE Guidelines, with "Myalgic Encephalomyelitis" (aka Enteroviral Encephalomyelitis) attached to those guidelines. It should also involve a National Parliamentary Inquiry and a substantial compensation settlement for M.E. Patients. Training and Education of Doctors who have been "mistreating", "neglecting" and "discriminating" against M.E. patients.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - Simon Wessely (1996)

Report of a joint working group of the Royal Colleges of Physicians | A Discriptive Section on Myalgic Encephalomyelitis : "SOME WOULD PREFER TO CONTINUE TO USE THE TERM "M.E.". It has been suggested that ‘the merits of the term M.E. are that it emphasises the physical aspects of the condition’. However, "encephalomyelitis" describes a distinct pathological process of inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. The term M.E. thus erroneously endorses the existence of a specific pathological process for which in the context there is no evidence. Patients may wish to keep a particular term because only with that label are they eligible to call upon the welfare state for help. We agree with the recent Westcare Report that this is understandable but not satisfactory. We are unaware of any satisfactory definition of ME, and doubt whether an operational definition of M.E. is either possible or appropriate" | Simon Wessely setting the seeds of doubt about M.E.'s pathophysiology, which is described clearly in the historical online medical literature as an "acute onset" Encephalomyelitis by an "Enterovirus" | There is a historical paper trail of evidence of such a pathophysiology | Simon Wessely is NOT an honest broker | He has a Psychiatric Career built from the Systemic "Narcissistic Gaslighting" of M.E. Patients and Survivors, it says alot about his very own personality make-up of "Antisocial, and Narcissistic features" | He belongs in jail for the rest of his life, with his titles and honours stripped. Similarly to what Jimmy Savile had, and deserved.